中国13个动物园灵长类动物肠道沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验
赵波1，李波2，王强1,3，余建秋1,3，杨光友2,陈红卫1,3
（1. 成都动物园，四川 成都 610081；2. 四川农业大学动物医学院，四川 雅安 625014；3.成都野生动物研究所，四川 成都 610081）
摘要：从13个动物园的非人灵长类动物中采集了384份粪便样品，经过细菌分离培养后，并经染色镜检和生化试验等分离鉴定出153株沙门氏菌，分离率为39.84％。按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会（CLSI）的判定标准，对分离得到的153株沙门氏菌进行了22种抗生素药物的药敏试验，结果表明153株均表现出不同的程度的耐药性。其中，羧苄西林的耐药率最高，为95.42%；而亚胺硫霉素最敏感，敏感率为90.20%。且153株沙门氏菌分离株均为多重耐药菌株（n≥2）。其中一株的耐药数可达18种之多，耐2～12种抗菌药物的菌株多，达123株，占分离菌株的80.39％。从不同动物园分离的沙门氏菌对22种抗生素耐药情况的方差分析来看，在所调查的13个动物园间，不同动物园沙门氏菌分离株的耐药情况也不同。
关键词：动物园；非人灵长类动物；沙门氏菌；生化鉴定；药敏试验
Isolation and Identification and Antibiotics Sensitivity of non-human primates Salmonella in thirteen Zoogical Gardens
Zhao Bo 1,Li Bo 2, Wang Qiang1,3,Y u Jian-qiu1,3Yang Guang-you 2,ChenHong-wei1,3
(1.Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu 610081；2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014；3.Chengdu wild animal Institute,Chengdu 610081）
Abstract:A total of 384 fecal samples were collected from 13 zoological gardens and examined for intestinal Salmonella. 153 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified by a series of tests, including isolation of bacteria, biochemical tests, etc. The separation rate was 39.84％. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), antimicrobial susceptibility test, against 22 kinds of common antibiotics and other antibiotics, was carried out for the 153 strains of Salmonella. Our results indicated that the 153 strains of Salmonella showed varying degrees of drug resistance. They were of the highest resistance to carbenicillin (drug resistance rate: 95.42%). They had the highest sensitivity to imipenem (sensitivity rate: 90.20%). The phenomenon of multiple drug resistance occurred in all strains of Salmonella. One of these strains was resistant to 18 kinds of antibiotics. 123 strains, 80.39% of all strains isolated, were indentified to be resistant to 2-12 kinds of antibiotics. Variance analysis of resistance to 22 kinds of common antibiotics was conducted, and the results suggested there were differences in drug resistance among the Salmonella strains collected from 13 zoological gardens respectively.
Keywords: Zoogical garden；Non-human primates；Salmonella；Biochemistry test；Antimicrobial susceptibility test
引言
沙门氏菌（Salmonella）是一类广泛分布于自然界，肠杆菌科中一种重要的人畜共患、革兰氏阴性病原菌[1]。其菌型繁多，抗原结构复杂，目前已确认的沙门氏菌有2535个血清型[2]，我国已检出292个血清型[3]。该菌很容易在动物与动物、动物与人、人与人之间通过直接或间接的途径传播[4-7]，不但会危害圈养及野生非人灵长类动物的健康，而且会严重威胁人类的健康[8, 9]，人或灵长类动物感染后可呈无症状带菌状态，也可表现为有临床症状的致死疾病，主要引起发热、胃肠炎、腹泻和败血症等[10-14]，从而加重病态或死亡率，或者降低动物的繁殖生产力。且由于抗生素耐药性的增加，导致许多沙门氏菌病治疗的失败[15, 16]，也极大的影响着动物及人类的健康状况。
目前，在国内虽有灵长类动物中检出沙门氏菌及其药物敏感性试验的报道[17-20]，但所涉及的灵长类动物种类不多，且仅是个别地区的零星报道。本次调查的目的是为了更加全面而系统地了解中国动物园非人灵长类动物肠道沙门氏菌对常用抗生素的敏感性，为今后有效地防治灵长类动物沙门氏菌病提供帮助。
